Cell efficiency - The ratio of the electrical energy produced by a photovoltaic cell (under full sun conditions or 1 kW/m2) to the energy from sunlight falling upon the cell.
Charge controller - A component that controls the flow of current to and from the battery subsystem to protect the batteries from overcharge and over discharge. The charge controller may also monitor system performance and provide system protection.
Diffuse radiation - Sunlight received indirectly as a result of scattering due to clouds, fog, haze, dust or other substances in the atmosphere.
Direct radiation - Light that has traveled in a straight path from the sun (also referred to as beam radiation). An object in the path of direct radiation casts a shadow on a clear day.
Flat-plate array - A photovoltaic array in which the incident solar radiation strikes a flat surface and no concentration of sunlight is involved.
Fresnel Lens - A concentrating lens, positioned above and concave to a PV material to concentrate light on the material.
Grid-connected - An energy producing system connected to the utility transmission grid. (Also called utility interactive.)
Hybrid system - A power system consisting of two or more power generating subsystems (e.g., the combination of a wind turbine and a photovoltaic system).
Insolation - The amount of sunlight reaching an area, usually expressed in watts per square meter per day.
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